Pressure Vessels: Deep Deconstruction of Structure, Principle, and Function

As a key equipment in the industrial field, pressure vessels are closely connected in structure, principle, and function, jointly supporting the efficient operation of numerous industrial processes.

Structurally, pressure vessels typically consist of a cylinder, a head, flanges, sealing elements, openings and connections, and supports. The cylinder is its main body, bearing internal pressure; The head seals both ends of the cylinder and comes in various forms such as hemispherical, elliptical, and disc-shaped. The mechanical properties and manufacturing processes of different shapes of heads vary. Flanges are used to connect cylinders with pipelines or other equipment, ensuring the firmness and sealing of the connection. Sealing components such as various gaskets effectively prevent medium leakage. Openings and connections meet the needs of material entry and exit, pressure measurement, etc., while supports ensure the stable placement of containers.

Its working principle is based on pressure balance and force transmission. When a certain amount of gas or liquid is filled into a container and sealed, the thermal motion of the medium molecules exerts a force on the container wall, forming pressure. The container wall relies on its own strength and reasonable structural design to resist this pressure and prevent container rupture or deformation. According to Pascal's law, pressure is uniformly transmitted in a sealed liquid, allowing the container to evenly distribute pressure to various parts when subjected to high pressure.

In terms of functionality, pressure vessels play important roles in storage, transportation, and reaction. In the chemical industry, it is used to store various raw materials, intermediate products, and finished products, such as storing hazardous chemicals such as liquid ammonia and chlorine gas; In the petroleum industry, crude oil, natural gas, etc. can be stored. In terms of reaction function, many chemical reactions require specific pressure and temperature conditions to be carried out, and pressure vessels provide such reaction sites, such as synthetic ammonia reaction towers, which promote efficient chemical reactions and improve product conversion and production efficiency by precisely controlling pressure and temperature. At the same time, pressure vessels play an indispensable role in many industries such as energy, pharmaceuticals, and food. The rationality of their structure, scientific principles, and diverse functions jointly promote the continuous progress and development of industry.